Microsoft SQL Server Server (MS SQL) is a relational database management system (RDBMS) developed by Microsoft. It was created initially to run on Windows Servers but later ported to Linux. The MS SQL Server 2019 is build on the previous releases to grow SQL Server as a platform that gives you choices of development languages, data types, on-premises or cloud environments, and operating systems.
In this short article we will perform an installation of Microsoft SQL Server (MS SQL) 2019 on Amazon Linux 2. This release of MS SQL Server introduces Big Data Clusters for SQL Server and provides additional capability and improvements for the database engine, Analysis Services, Machine Learning Services, Master Data Services among many others.
Step 1: Update Amazon Linux Server
Before we begin the installation process let us update the operating system
sudo yum -y updateSince there could be kernel updates it is recommended to reboot the system after a successful upgrade:
sudo rebootStep 2: Add Microsoft YUM Repositories
Run the commands below to add required repository to the system.
sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server-2019.repoConfirm the repository is now available:
$ sudo yum repolist
Loaded plugins: langpacks, priorities, update-motd
amzn2-core | 3.7 kB 00:00:00
packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2019 | 3.0 kB 00:00:00
packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2019/primary_db | 209 kB 00:00:00
repo id repo name status
amzn2-core/2/x86_64 Amazon Linux 2 core repository 24,398
amzn2extra-docker/2/x86_64 Amazon Extras repo for docker 41
packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2019 packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2019 122
repolist: 24,561Step 3: Install MS SQL Server 2019 on Amazon Linux 2
The SQL Server installation on Amazon Linux and any other Linux distribution has the the following system requirements:
| Requirement | |
|---|---|
| Memory | 2 GB |
| File System | XFS or EXT4 (other file systems, such as BTRFS, are unsupported) |
| Disk space | 6 GB |
| Processor speed | 2 GHz |
| Processor cores | 2 cores |
| Processor type | x64-compatible only |
Ensure your system meets the following requirements for the installation to be successful.
Then run the following commands to install SQL Server:
sudo yum install mssql-serverAccept installation prompt to proceed.
Dependencies Resolved
==================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
mssql-server x86_64 15.0.4123.1-5 packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2019 232 M
Installing for dependencies:
cyrus-sasl x86_64 2.1.26-23.amzn2 amzn2-core 87 k
cyrus-sasl-gssapi x86_64 2.1.26-23.amzn2 amzn2-core 42 k
gdb x86_64 8.0.1-30.amzn2.0.3 amzn2-core 3.2 M
python3 x86_64 3.7.9-1.amzn2.0.2 amzn2-core 72 k
python3-libs x86_64 3.7.9-1.amzn2.0.2 amzn2-core 9.2 M
python3-pip noarch 9.0.3-1.amzn2.0.2 amzn2-core 1.9 M
python3-setuptools noarch 38.4.0-3.amzn2.0.6 amzn2-core 617 k
Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+7 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 247 M
Installed size: 1.1 G
Is this ok [y/d/N]: yAlso import GPG key
Retrieving key from https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
Importing GPG key 0xBE1229CF:
Userid : "Microsoft (Release signing) "
Fingerprint: bc52 8686 b50d 79e3 39d3 721c eb3e 94ad be12 29cf
From : https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
Is this ok [y/N]: y Step 4: Configure MS SQL Server 2019 on Amazon Linux 2
After the installation you’ll need to run mssql-conf setup and follow the prompts to set the SA password and choose your edition.
sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setupChosse MS SQL Server edition:
Choose an edition of SQL Server:
1) Evaluation (free, no production use rights, 180-day limit)
2) Developer (free, no production use rights)
3) Express (free)
4) Web (PAID)
5) Standard (PAID)
6) Enterprise (PAID) - CPU Core utilization restricted to 20 physical/40 hyperthreaded
7) Enterprise Core (PAID) - CPU Core utilization up to Operating System Maximum
8) I bought a license through a retail sales channel and have a product key to enter.
Details about editions can be found at
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=2109348&clcid=0x409
Use of PAID editions of this software requires separate licensing through a
Microsoft Volume Licensing program.
By choosing a PAID edition, you are verifying that you have the appropriate
number of licenses in place to install and run this software.
Enter your edition(1-8): 2Then accept the license agreement
The license terms for this product can be found in
/usr/share/doc/mssql-server or downloaded from:
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=2104294&clcid=0x409
The privacy statement can be viewed at:
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=853010&clcid=0x409
Do you accept the license terms? [Yes/No]: yesNext set SQL Server system administrator password:
Enter the SQL Server system administrator password:
Confirm the SQL Server system administrator password:Setup should be completed in a short while.
Configuring SQL Server...
ForceFlush is enabled for this instance.
ForceFlush feature is enabled for log durability.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mssql-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service.
Setup has completed successfully. SQL Server is now starting.Verify that the service is running after the configurations are done.
$ systemctl status mssql-server
● mssql-server.service - Microsoft SQL Server Database Engine
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-04-29 12:41:29 UTC; 1min 26s ago
Docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux
Main PID: 3445 (sqlservr)
CGroup: /system.slice/mssql-server.service
├─3445 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
└─3468 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservrStep 5: Install the MS SQL Server Client tools on Amazon Linux 2
You need SQL Server command-line tools to connect to the database server and perform operations such as database creation.
Start by downloading the Microsoft Red Hat repository configuration file:
sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/msprod.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repoRun the following commands to install mssql-tools with the unixODBC developer package.
sudo yum -y install mssql-tools unixODBC-develFor convenience, add /opt/mssql-tools/bin/ to your PATH environment variable. This enables you to run the tools without specifying the full path
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrcYou should now be able to connect locally to the Database Server:
sqlcmd -S localhost -U SA -P '' You can omit the password on the command line to be prompted to enter it.
$ sqlcmd -S localhost -U SA
Password:
1>Type QUIT to exit SQL Server terminal session.
1> QUITAfter a successful installation of MS SQL Server 2019 on Amazon Linux 2, review the best practices for configuring Linux and SQL Server to improve performance for production scenarios. Read through the Performance best practices and configuration guidelines for SQL Server on Linux guide.
